Verbs of motion in Russian such as 'go', 'walk', 'run', 'swim', and 'fly' use the imperfective or perfective form to indicate a single or return trip, and also use a multitude of prefixes to add shades of meaning to the verb. [163] On 25 December 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with contemporary Russia, fourteen other post-Soviet states emerged. [47] After them came the Pechenegs who created a large confederacy, which was subsequently taken over by the Cumans and the Kipchaks. [253] They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. WebOn This Day. The reigns of Vladimir the Great (9801015) and his son Yaroslav the Wise (10191054) constitute the Golden Age of Kiev, which saw the acceptance of Orthodox Christianity from Byzantium, and the creation of the first East Slavic written legal code, the Russkaya Pravda. Russian developed under a strong influence of Church Slavonic until the close of the 17thcentury; afterward the influence reversed, leading to corruption of liturgical texts. [566], After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian literature split into Soviet and white migr parts. All this formed the climate for the Russian Revolution of 1917, carried out in two major acts. In the early 15th-century, the master icon painter Andrei Rublev created some of Russia's most treasured religious art. [196] Due to the impact, the Russian government has stopped publishing a raft of economic data since April 2022. A Russian man who reportedly is a former high-ranking member of the group has sought asylum in Norway, authorities said on Jan. 16, 2023. [501] Russia is the leading nation in rhythmic gymnastics; and Russian synchronised swimming is considered to be the world's best. [497][498] The Russians have also greatly influenced classical music,[499] ballet,[500] sport,[501] painting,[502] and cinema. [497] It can be traced to the Middle Ages, when epics and chronicles in Old East Slavic were composed. The next day the Constituent Assembly was dissolved by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. ", "Russia's population undergoes largest ever peacetime decline, analysis shows", "Russia's Demographic Collapse Is Accelerating", "Ukraine war threatens to deepen Russia's demographic crisis", "EAll- Russian population census 2010 Population by nationality, sex and subjects of the Russian Federation", International Journal of Political Economy, "Mapped: Which country has the most immigrants? [245][i] Ministries of the government are composed of the premier and his deputies, ministers, and selected other individuals; all are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (whereas the appointment of the latter requires the consent of the State Duma). IV kvartal 2020, Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, "Russian samovars make tea-time distinctive tradition", "The high life: How to get to Ostankino Tower and what to do there", "EISENSTEIN, Sergei - BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN - 1925 Russia", "Sergei Eisenstein: How the "Father of Montage" Reinvented Cinema", "All-Union State Institute of Cinematography", "Yale film scholar on Dziga Vertov, the enigma with a movie camera", "The Revival of Russia's Cinema Industry", "How Maria Sharapova Earned $285 Million During Her Tennis Career", "Classics: Soviet Union vs Netherlands, 1988", "Sporting-CSKA Moskva: watch their 2005 final", "How a brilliant Zenit Saint Petersburg lifted the UEFA Cup in 2008", "Euro 2008: Russia v Spain as it happened", "2018 FIFA Confederations Cup Russia 2017", "FIFA and UEFA suspend Russian national teams and clubs from all competitions "until further notice", "Bandy: A concise history of the extreme sport", "EuroBasket 2007 final: September 16, 2007", "Formula 1 terminates contract with Russian Grand Prix", "Russian mastery in synchronized swimming yields double gold", "Figure skating is on thin ice. [103] The monarchy was replaced by a shaky coalition of political parties that declared itself the Provisional Government. [383] It is home to the world's finest caviar, the beluga; and produces about one-third of all canned fish, and some one-fourth of the world's total fresh and frozen fish. [52] On February 18, 2012, Latvia held a constitutional referendum on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. Some examples are: ([vzglat] vzglyad, 'glance'), ([gsdarstf] gosudarstv, 'of the states'), ([stritlstf] stroitelstv, 'of the constructions'). [citation needed] Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech. [326][327] Chechens and Ingush in Russian prisons reportedly take more abuse than other ethnic groups. [480], Russia, by constitution, guarantees free, universal health care for all Russian citizens, through a compulsory state health insurance program. [292] In 2021 it was the world's second-largest arms exporter, and had a large and entirely indigenous defence industry, producing most of its own military equipment. [189] It was the first European war of the 21st century. Ethnic groups in Russia with a population of over 1 million according to the 2010 census. [citation needed], Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. [536] In the 17th-century, the "fiery style" of ornamentation flourished in Moscow and Yaroslavl, gradually paving the way for the Naryshkin baroque of the 1680s. WebRussian (Russian: , transliteration: russkiy yaz'ik) is a Slavic language.It is the main language spoken in Russia.It is also spoken by many people in other parts of the former Soviet Union, such as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Estonia.. Russian, like other Breslauer, George W. and Colton, Timothy J. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. "We also have to understand that it's extraordinarily threatening to Russia to have such a big military alliance that's armed to the teeth so close to the Russian border [editor's note: if NATO were to expand]." This project is fully entitled to be called an anticipated one, because the Russian Cuban collaboration is a strategic direction actively developed as more and more young people are interested in the Russian language, the Education navigator informs. [492] Smoking is another health issue in the country. ", "Russia: Growing Internet Isolation, Control, Censorship", "Putin's aggressive autocracy reduces Russian soft power to ashes", "New Reports Highlight Russia's Deep-Seated Culture of Corruption", "Corruption in Russia: A Historical Perspective", "Corruption in Russian Health Care: The Determinants and Incidence of Bribery", "Corruption Pervades Russia's Health System", "Corruption at Universities is a Common Disease for Russia and Ukraine", "Russia Sees a Threat in Its Converts to Islam", "U.S. Report Says Russia Among 'Worst Violators' Of Religious Freedom", "Russian killings and kidnaps extend dirty war in Ingushetia", "Putin's Savage War Against Russia's 'New Muslims', "Russian Crackdown on Muslims Fuels Exodus to IS", "Abuse of Chechens and Ingush in Russian Prisons Creates Legions of Enemies", "Russia is depopulating parts of eastern Ukraine, forcibly removing thousands into remote parts of Russia", "International Reserves of the Russian Federation (End of period)", "List of importing markets for the product exported by Russian Federation in 2021", "List of supplying markets for the product imported by Russian Federation in 2021", "Frequently Asked Questions on Energy Security Analysis", "Will Russia ever leave fossil fuels behind? . . . [426], Moscow, the nation's cosmopolitan capital and historic core, is a bustling megacity. [226] The coldest month is January (February on the coastline); the warmest is usually July. 1. [544], Until the 18th-century, music in Russia consisted mainly of church music and folk songs and dances. [61] During his long reign, Ivan nearly doubled the already large Russian territory by annexing the three Tatar khanates: Kazan and Astrakhan along the Volga,[65] and the Khanate of Sibir in southwestern Siberia. [415] In 1970, Venera7 became the first spacecraft to land on another planet, Venus. A number of encoding conversion applications were developed. [215] Lake Baikal, the largest and most prominent among Russia's fresh water bodies, is the world's deepest, purest, oldest and most capacious fresh water lake, containing over one-fifth of the world's fresh surface water. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons, and has the fifth-highest military expenditure. Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. [419] Russia had 172 active satellites in space in April 2022, the world's third-highest. [433] In 2019, the total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.5 children born per woman,[434] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and is one of the world's lowest fertility rates. [84] Another Northern dialectal morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. [503] In 1969, Vladimir Motyl's White Sun of the Desert was released, a very popular film in a genre of ostern; the film is traditionally watched by cosmonauts before any trip into space. .: , 1987. WebRussian language, Russian Russki yazyk, principal state and cultural language of Russia. However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. [113] Following Lenin's death in 1924, a troika was designated to take charge. Available for over a year. As Russia's invasion of Ukraine enters its 11th month, US and Ukrainian officials tell CNN that Russia's artillery fire is down dramatically from its wartime high, in some places by as much as 75%. While /ts, k, , x/ do have true palatalized allophones [ts, k, , x], only /k/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive. This practice goes back to the ApolloSoyuz mission, which first flew in 1975. [44], The destruction of Kievan Rus' saw the eventual rise of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, initially a part of Vladimir-Suzdal. "" (XI-XII )", "Geoarchaeology of the earliest paleolithic sites (Oldowan) in the North Caucasus and the East Europe", "Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave", "Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid", "Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia", "New data for the Early Upper Paleolithic of Kostenki (Russia)", "Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers", "Thousands of horsemen may have swept into Bronze Age Europe, transforming the local population", "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe", "Nomadic herders left a strong genetic mark on Europeans and Asians", "1998 NOVA documentary: "Ice Mummies: Siberian Ice Maiden", "Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe", Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, "Genome-wide sequence analyses of ethnic populations across Russia", "Exploration and Settlement on the Alaskan Coast", "Who really discovered Antarctica? Mountain ranges in the south and east obstruct the flow of warm air masses from the Indian and Pacific oceans, while the European Plain spanning its west and north opens it to influence from the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. [370] Russia is the world's fourth-largest electricity producer,[371] and the ninth-largest renewable energy producer in 2019. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. [440] There are over 193 ethnic groups nationwide. [225], The size of Russia and the remoteness of many of its areas from the sea result in the dominance of the humid continental climate throughout most of the country, except for the tundra and the extreme southwest. [155] In May 1988, the Soviets started to withdraw from Afghanistan, due to international opposition, persistent anti-Soviet guerrilla warfare, and a lack of support by Soviet citizens. [615] Television is the most popular medium in Russia. [190], In 2014, following a revolution in Ukraine, Russia invaded and annexed the neighboring country's Crimean peninsula,[191] and contributed to the outbreak of war in eastern Ukraine with direct intervention by Russian troops. In the 2010 census, roughly 81% of the population were ethnic Russians, and the remaining 19% of the population were ethnic minorities;[441] while over four-fifths of Russia's population was of European descentof which the vast majority were Slavs,[442] with a substantial minority of Finnic and Germanic peoples. The Russian perspective. Commonly named after their administrative centres. [5], Russia has an adult literacy rate of 100%,[472] and has compulsory education for a duration of 11 years, exclusively for children aged 7 to 1718. [501] Bandy is Russia's national sport, and it has historically been the highest-achieving country in the sport. ", "Russia's Su-57 Heavy Fighter Bomber: Is It Really a Fifth-Generation Aircraft? [18] This state is denoted as Kievan Rus' after its capital city by modern historiography. ", Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "Nikolay BasovNobel Prize for Lasers and Masers", Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, "Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov: Plant Geographer, Geneticist, Martyr of Science", "Lysenko and Russian genetics: an alternative view", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, "Theodosius Grigorievich Dobzhansky, 25 January 1900 18 December 1975", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, "The Distinguished Life and Career of George Gamow", Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, United States Government Publishing Office, "Remembering Laika, Space Dog and Soviet Hero", "The First Earthlings Around the Moon Were Two Soviet Tortoises", "Soft Landing of Venera 7 on the Venus Surface and Preliminary Results of Investigations of the Venus Atmosphere", 10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0263:SLOVOT>2.0.CO;2, "50 Years Ago: Launch of Salyut, the World's First Space Station", "Russian Federation Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP (% of GDP), 19952019", "48 hours in . [12] Russia is the most populous country in Europe, and the world's ninth most populous country, with a population density of 9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23 per square mile). [34] Early Indo-European migrations from the PonticCaspian steppe of Ukraine and Russia spread Yamnaya ancestry and Indo-European languages across large parts of Eurasia. [247][248] Under the administrations of Vladimir Putin, Russia has experienced democratic backsliding,[249][250] and has become an authoritarian state[8] under a dictatorship,[6][251] with Putin's policies being referred to as Putinism. [95] The reign of his son AlexanderIII (18811894) was less liberal but more peaceful. [490] However, Russia's historically high alcohol consumption rate is the biggest health issue in the country,[491] as it remains one of the world's highest, despite a stark decrease in the last decade. 2010 . Russian artillery fire down 75% in some areas, US officials say, in latest sign of struggles for Moscow. After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Moscow claimed succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire. [285], The Russian Armed Forces are divided into the Ground Forces, the Navy, and the Aerospace Forcesand there are also two independent arms of service: the Strategic Missile Troops and the Airborne Troops. Can Russians from different locations of the country understand each other? [149] The general easement of repressive policies became known later as the Khrushchev Thaw. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V., and Mark D. Steinberg. AlexanderII was assassinated in 1881 by revolutionary terrorists. [604] Salads include Olivier salad,[605] vinegret,[606] and dressed herring. [443][444] According to the United Nations, Russia's immigrant population is the world's third-largest, numbering over 11.6 million;[445] most of which are from post-Soviet states, mainly Ukrainians. Using a formula with V standing for the nucleus (vowel) and C for each consonant, the maximal structure can be described as follows: However, Russian has a constraint on syllabification such that syllables cannot span multiple morphemes. [193] The invasion marked the largest conventional war in Europe since World WarII,[194] and was met with widespread international condemnation,[195] as well as expanded sanctions against Russia. [7] As of 2021[update], the military have around a million active-duty personnel, which is the world's fifth-largest, and about 220 million reserve personnel. The country is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; a member state of the G20, the SCO, BRICS, the APEC, the OSCE, and the WTO; and is the leading member state of the CIS, the CSTO, and the EAEU. [43] This occurred in spite of the fact that Saint Petersburg, the Western-oriented capital created by the "Westernizing" Tsar Peter the Great, being the capital of the Russian Empire for over 200 years. Great ranges of temperature are typical. [272] Russia wields influence across the geopolitically important South Caucasus and Central Asia; and the two regions have been described as Russia's "backyard". [385] Since 1904, Nobel Prize were awarded to 26 Soviets and Russians in physics, chemistry, medicine, economy, literature and peace. Russia's vast coastline along the Arctic Ocean and the Russian Arctic islands have a polar climate. [376] The main product of Russian farming has always been grain, which occupies considerably more than half of the cropland. The era of the 1970s and the early 1980s was later designated as the Era of Stagnation. [328] During the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Russia has set up filtration camps where many Ukrainians are subjected to abuses and forcibly sent to Russia; the camps have been compared to those used in the Chechen Wars. [7] It is structured as a multi-party representative democracy, with the federal government composed of three branches:[241], The president is elected by popular vote for a six-year term and may be elected no more than twice. The Russian republic was established immediately after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and became a union republic in 1922. ", " : . [28] It is the world's seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers, and the world's eighth-most spoken language by total number of speakers. Russian has five or six vowels in stressed syllables, /i, u, e, o, a/, and in some analyses //, but in most cases these vowels have merged to only two to four vowels when unstressed: /i, u, a/ (or /, u, a/) after hard consonants and /i, u/ after soft ones. Available for over a year. [493] The country's high suicide rate, although on the decline,[494] remains a significant social issue. ", " 24 April 1990 ", " "". [503], The 1960s and 1970s saw a greater variety of artistic styles in Soviet cinema. Greene, by Samuel A. and Graeme B. Robertson. It arose in the beginning of the 18th century with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter the Great and developed from the Moscow (Middle or Central Russian) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language. Analysis", "Oil Market and Russian Supply Russian supplies to global energy markets Analysis", "Gas Market and Russian Supply Russian supplies to global energy markets Analysis", "Russia formally joins Paris climate pact", "Is Russia finally getting serious on climate change? Boris Yeltsin resigns in a shock live television announcement. Ukraine sent more than 100 Russian soldiers 'to Hell' in a coordinated strike on the frontlines in the battle for the control of Soledar, its military has claimed.. [75] The Israeli press and websites regularly publish material in Russian and there are Russian newspapers, television stations, schools, and social media outlets based in the country. [104] The Provisional Government proclaimed the Russian Republic in September. Russian artillery fire down 75% in some areas, US officials say, in latest sign of struggles for Moscow. [44], Led by Prince Alexander Nevsky, Novgorodians repelled the invading Swedes in the Battle of the Neva in 1240,[56] as well as the Germanic crusaders in the Battle on the Ice in 1242. Emergency personnel work at the site where an apartment block was heavily damaged by a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in Dnipro, Ukraine January 15, 2023. [475] It spent roughly 4.7% of its GDP on education in 2018. [372] It was also the world's first country to develop civilian nuclear power, and to construct the world's first nuclear power plant. [61], In Moldova, Russian is considered to be the language of inter-ethnic communication under a Soviet-era law. Federal regions also have their own departments of health that oversee local administration. [51] School education in the Russian language is a very contentious point in Estonian politics, but as of 2019 promises have been given that such schools will remain open in the near future. Reading of excerpt of Pushkin's "Winter Evening" ( ), 1825. They became distinct since the 13thcentury, i.e. In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first and youngest woman in space, having flown a solo mission on Vostok 6. [436] However, since 2020, due to excessive deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's population has undergone its largest peacetime decline in history.
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